{"id":917,"date":"2020-01-09T22:13:03","date_gmt":"2020-01-10T03:13:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/illariy.org\/?post_type=product&#038;p=917"},"modified":"2025-11-30T22:30:54","modified_gmt":"2025-12-01T03:30:54","slug":"fluorescent-biomarkers-demonstrate-prospects-for-spreadable-vaccines-to-control-disease-transmission-in-wild-bats","status":"publish","type":"product","link":"https:\/\/illariy.org\/en\/product\/fluorescent-biomarkers-demonstrate-prospects-for-spreadable-vaccines-to-control-disease-transmission-in-wild-bats\/","title":{"rendered":"Fluorescent biomarkers demonstrate prospects for spreadable vaccines to control disease transmission in wild bats"},"content":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span>Vaccines that autonomously transfer among individuals have been proposed as a strategy to control infectious diseases within inaccessible wildlife populations. However, rates of vaccine spread and epidemiological efficacy in real-world systems remain elusive. Here, we investigate whether topical vaccines that transfer among individuals through social contacts can control vampire bat rabies\u2014a medically and economically important zoonosis in Latin America. Field experiments in three Peruvian bat colonies, which used fluorescent biomarkers as a proxy for the bat-to-bat transfer and ingestion of an oral vaccine, revealed that vaccine transfer would increase population-level immunity up to 2.6 times beyond the same effort using conventional, nonspreadable vaccines. Mathematical models showed that observed levels of vaccine transfer would reduce the probability, size and duration of rabies outbreaks, even at low but realistically achievable levels of vaccine application. Models further predicted that existing vaccines provide substantial advantages over culling bats\u2014the policy currently implemented in North, Central and South America. Linking field studies with biomarkers to mathematical models can inform how spreadable vaccines may combat pathogens of health and conservation concern before costly investments in vaccine design and testing.<\/span><\/p>","protected":false},"featured_media":918,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":[],"product_brand":[],"product_cat":[17],"product_tag":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-917","1":"product","2":"type-product","3":"status-publish","4":"has-post-thumbnail","6":"product_cat-articulos","8":"first","9":"instock","10":"featured","11":"downloadable","12":"virtual","13":"purchasable","14":"product-type-simple"},"wppr_data":{"cwp_meta_box_check":"No"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Fluorescent biomarkers demonstrate prospects for spreadable vaccines to control disease transmission in wild bats - I L L A R I Y<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/illariy.org\/en\/product\/fluorescent-biomarkers-demonstrate-prospects-for-spreadable-vaccines-to-control-disease-transmission-in-wild-bats\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Fluorescent biomarkers demonstrate prospects for spreadable vaccines to control disease transmission in wild bats - I L L A R I Y\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Vaccines that autonomously transfer among individuals have been proposed as a strategy to control infectious diseases within inaccessible wildlife populations. However, rates of vaccine spread and epidemiological efficacy in real-world systems remain elusive. Here, we investigate whether topical vaccines that transfer among individuals through social contacts can control vampire bat rabies\u2014a medically and economically important zoonosis in Latin America. Field experiments in three Peruvian bat colonies, which used fluorescent biomarkers as a proxy for the bat-to-bat transfer and ingestion of an oral vaccine, revealed that vaccine transfer would increase population-level immunity up to 2.6 times beyond the same effort using conventional, nonspreadable vaccines. Mathematical models showed that observed levels of vaccine transfer would reduce the probability, size and duration of rabies outbreaks, even at low but realistically achievable levels of vaccine application. Models further predicted that existing vaccines provide substantial advantages over culling bats\u2014the policy currently implemented in North, Central and South America. Linking field studies with biomarkers to mathematical models can inform how spreadable vaccines may combat pathogens of health and conservation concern before costly investments in vaccine design and testing.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/illariy.org\/en\/product\/fluorescent-biomarkers-demonstrate-prospects-for-spreadable-vaccines-to-control-disease-transmission-in-wild-bats\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"I L L A R I Y\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-12-01T03:30:54+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/illariy.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Nature-and-ecology.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"290\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"174\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/illariy.org\/producto\/fluorescent-biomarkers-demonstrate-prospects-for-spreadable-vaccines-to-control-disease-transmission-in-wild-bats\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/illariy.org\/producto\/fluorescent-biomarkers-demonstrate-prospects-for-spreadable-vaccines-to-control-disease-transmission-in-wild-bats\/\",\"name\":\"Fluorescent biomarkers demonstrate prospects for spreadable vaccines to control disease transmission in wild bats - I L L A R I Y\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/illariy.org\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/illariy.org\/producto\/fluorescent-biomarkers-demonstrate-prospects-for-spreadable-vaccines-to-control-disease-transmission-in-wild-bats\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/illariy.org\/producto\/fluorescent-biomarkers-demonstrate-prospects-for-spreadable-vaccines-to-control-disease-transmission-in-wild-bats\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/illariy.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Nature-and-ecology.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2020-01-10T03:13:03+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-12-01T03:30:54+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/illariy.org\/producto\/fluorescent-biomarkers-demonstrate-prospects-for-spreadable-vaccines-to-control-disease-transmission-in-wild-bats\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/illariy.org\/producto\/fluorescent-biomarkers-demonstrate-prospects-for-spreadable-vaccines-to-control-disease-transmission-in-wild-bats\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/illariy.org\/producto\/fluorescent-biomarkers-demonstrate-prospects-for-spreadable-vaccines-to-control-disease-transmission-in-wild-bats\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/illariy.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Nature-and-ecology.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/illariy.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Nature-and-ecology.jpg\",\"width\":290,\"height\":174},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/illariy.org\/producto\/fluorescent-biomarkers-demonstrate-prospects-for-spreadable-vaccines-to-control-disease-transmission-in-wild-bats\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Portada\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/illariy.org\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Publicaciones\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/illariy.org\/publi\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Fluorescent biomarkers demonstrate prospects for spreadable vaccines to control disease transmission in wild bats\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/illariy.org\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/illariy.org\/\",\"name\":\"ILLARIY\",\"description\":\"Organizaci\u00f3n No Gubernamental de Desarrollo\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/illariy.org\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/illariy.org\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/illariy.org\/#organization\",\"name\":\"ILLARIY\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/illariy.org\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/illariy.org\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/illariy.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/cropped-LOGO-FINAL-01-3-scaled.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/illariy.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/cropped-LOGO-FINAL-01-3-scaled.jpg\",\"width\":2560,\"height\":1938,\"caption\":\"ILLARIY\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/illariy.org\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"}}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Fluorescent biomarkers demonstrate prospects for spreadable vaccines to control disease transmission in wild bats - I L L A R I Y","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/illariy.org\/en\/product\/fluorescent-biomarkers-demonstrate-prospects-for-spreadable-vaccines-to-control-disease-transmission-in-wild-bats\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Fluorescent biomarkers demonstrate prospects for spreadable vaccines to control disease transmission in wild bats - I L L A R I Y","og_description":"Vaccines that autonomously transfer among individuals have been proposed as a strategy to control infectious diseases within inaccessible wildlife populations. However, rates of vaccine spread and epidemiological efficacy in real-world systems remain elusive. Here, we investigate whether topical vaccines that transfer among individuals through social contacts can control vampire bat rabies\u2014a medically and economically important zoonosis in Latin America. Field experiments in three Peruvian bat colonies, which used fluorescent biomarkers as a proxy for the bat-to-bat transfer and ingestion of an oral vaccine, revealed that vaccine transfer would increase population-level immunity up to 2.6 times beyond the same effort using conventional, nonspreadable vaccines. Mathematical models showed that observed levels of vaccine transfer would reduce the probability, size and duration of rabies outbreaks, even at low but realistically achievable levels of vaccine application. Models further predicted that existing vaccines provide substantial advantages over culling bats\u2014the policy currently implemented in North, Central and South America. Linking field studies with biomarkers to mathematical models can inform how spreadable vaccines may combat pathogens of health and conservation concern before costly investments in vaccine design and testing.","og_url":"https:\/\/illariy.org\/en\/product\/fluorescent-biomarkers-demonstrate-prospects-for-spreadable-vaccines-to-control-disease-transmission-in-wild-bats\/","og_site_name":"I L L A R I Y","article_modified_time":"2025-12-01T03:30:54+00:00","og_image":[{"width":290,"height":174,"url":"https:\/\/illariy.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Nature-and-ecology.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/illariy.org\/producto\/fluorescent-biomarkers-demonstrate-prospects-for-spreadable-vaccines-to-control-disease-transmission-in-wild-bats\/","url":"https:\/\/illariy.org\/producto\/fluorescent-biomarkers-demonstrate-prospects-for-spreadable-vaccines-to-control-disease-transmission-in-wild-bats\/","name":"Fluorescent biomarkers demonstrate prospects for spreadable vaccines to control disease transmission in wild bats - I L L A R I Y","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/illariy.org\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/illariy.org\/producto\/fluorescent-biomarkers-demonstrate-prospects-for-spreadable-vaccines-to-control-disease-transmission-in-wild-bats\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/illariy.org\/producto\/fluorescent-biomarkers-demonstrate-prospects-for-spreadable-vaccines-to-control-disease-transmission-in-wild-bats\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/illariy.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Nature-and-ecology.jpg","datePublished":"2020-01-10T03:13:03+00:00","dateModified":"2025-12-01T03:30:54+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/illariy.org\/producto\/fluorescent-biomarkers-demonstrate-prospects-for-spreadable-vaccines-to-control-disease-transmission-in-wild-bats\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/illariy.org\/producto\/fluorescent-biomarkers-demonstrate-prospects-for-spreadable-vaccines-to-control-disease-transmission-in-wild-bats\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/illariy.org\/producto\/fluorescent-biomarkers-demonstrate-prospects-for-spreadable-vaccines-to-control-disease-transmission-in-wild-bats\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/illariy.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Nature-and-ecology.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/illariy.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Nature-and-ecology.jpg","width":290,"height":174},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/illariy.org\/producto\/fluorescent-biomarkers-demonstrate-prospects-for-spreadable-vaccines-to-control-disease-transmission-in-wild-bats\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Portada","item":"https:\/\/illariy.org\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Publicaciones","item":"https:\/\/illariy.org\/publi\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"Fluorescent biomarkers demonstrate prospects for spreadable vaccines to control disease transmission in wild bats"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/illariy.org\/#website","url":"https:\/\/illariy.org\/","name":"ILLARIY","description":"Organizaci\u00f3n No Gubernamental de Desarrollo","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/illariy.org\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/illariy.org\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/illariy.org\/#organization","name":"ILLARIY","url":"https:\/\/illariy.org\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/illariy.org\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/illariy.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/cropped-LOGO-FINAL-01-3-scaled.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/illariy.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/cropped-LOGO-FINAL-01-3-scaled.jpg","width":2560,"height":1938,"caption":"ILLARIY"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/illariy.org\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"}}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/illariy.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product\/917","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/illariy.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/illariy.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/product"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/illariy.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=917"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/illariy.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/918"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/illariy.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=917"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"product_brand","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/illariy.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_brand?post=917"},{"taxonomy":"product_cat","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/illariy.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_cat?post=917"},{"taxonomy":"product_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/illariy.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_tag?post=917"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}